|
The Marlovian theory holds that the Elizabethan poet and playwright Christopher Marlowe did not die in Deptford on 30 May 1593, as the historical records state, but rather that his death was faked, and that he was the main author of the poems and plays attributed to William Shakespeare. Marlovians (as those who subscribe to the theory are usually called) base their argument on supposed anomalies surrounding Marlowe's reported death〔 "Doctor Hotson's brilliant discovery of the documents relating to Marlowe's death, raises almost as many questions as it answers."〕 and on the significant influence which, according to most scholars, Marlowe's works had on those of Shakespeare〔The International Marlowe-Shakespeare Society has a relevant (selection of quotations ) on its website.〕 They also point out the coincidence that, despite their having been born only two months apart, the first time the name William Shakespeare is known to have been connected with any literary work whatsoever was with the publication of ''Venus and Adonis'' just a week or two after the apparent death of Marlowe. The argument against this is that Marlowe's death was accepted as genuine by sixteen jurors at an inquest held by the Queen's personal coroner, that everyone apparently thought that he was dead at the time, and that there is a complete lack of direct evidence supporting his survival beyond 1593. While there are similarities between their works,〔 "A nearly collusive relationship between the two dramatists, starting around 1590, really ensured that Tamburlaine's revolution in form and significant ideas would not die out. Much depended upon a fresh attitude to creativity itself, and it was Marlowe who most encouraged Shakespeare to bring stateliness and a high poetic habit to the drama."〕 Marlowe's style, vocabulary, imagery, and his apparent weaknesses—particularly in the writing of comedy〔. However, Donna N. Murphy proposed that some Shakespeare plays were co-authorships between Marlowe and his friend, humorist Thomas Nashe.〕—are said to be too different from Shakespeare's to be compatible with the claims of the Marlovians. The convergence of documentary evidence of the type used by academics for authorial attribution—title pages, testimony by other contemporary poets and historians, and official records—sufficiently establishes Shakespeare of Stratford's authorship for the overwhelming majority of Shakespeare scholars and literary historians,〔; Further arguments for the orthodox position can be found in chapters 3 and 4 of , and the last chapter of .〕 who consider the Marlovian theory, like all other alternative theories of Shakespeare authorship, a fringe theory.〔: "...antiStratfordism has remained a fringe belief system".〕 ==Proponents== In August 1819 an anonymous writer for ''The Monthly Review, or Literary Journal'' suggested that 'Christopher Marlowe' might be a pseudonym assumed for a time by Shakespeare, and this idea was developed further in the same journal in September 1820, noting how Shakespeare "disappears from all biographical research just at the moment when Marlowe first comes on the stage; and who re-appears in his proper name" shortly after the first reports of Marlowe's death. In other words, they argued, just one person was the main author of both the Marlowe and Shakespeare canons. Marlowe's candidacy was initially suggested by T.W. White, in 1892, as a member of a group of authors.〔.〕 The first person to propose that the works of Shakespeare were primarily by Marlowe was Wilbur G. Zeigler, who presented a case for it in the preface to his 1895 novel, ''It was Marlowe: a story of the secret of three centuries'', which creates an imaginary narrative about how the deception might have occurred. On the tercentenary of Shakespeare's death, in 1916, the Pulitzer prize-winning editor of Louisville's ''Courier-Journal'', Henry Watterson, supported the Marlovian theory also by using a fictional account of how it might have happened. The first essay solely on the subject was written by Archie Webster in 1923. All three were published before Leslie Hotson's discovery in 1925 of the inquest on Marlowe's death, but since then there have nevertheless been several other books supporting the idea—a list is given below—with perhaps the two most influential being those by Calvin Hoffman (1955) and A.D. Wraight (1994). Hoffman's main argument centred on similarities between the styles of the two writers, particularly in the use of similar wordings or ideas—called "parallelisms". Wraight, following Webster, delved more into what she saw as the true meaning of Shakespeare's sonnets. To their contributions should perhaps also be added that of Michael Rubbo, an Australian documentary film maker who, in 2001, made the TV film ''Much Ado About Something'' in which the Marlovian theory was explored in some detail, and the creation in 2009 of the (International Marlowe-Shakespeare Society ) which has continued to draw the theory to the public's attention. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marlovian theory of Shakespeare authorship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|